EducationEnglish.Phrasal verbsCOMMUNICATION · A2–B1

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← Phrasal verbs

Lesson 90 / Projects & reflection

Reviewing and finishing a project.

5 phrases · 12 minutes · Look, listen and try.

Reduce unfinished work, agree on details and learn from the project before planning the next one.

After this lesson, you can

  • Use this lesson’s expressions to talk about the situation introduced above.
  • Distinguish “pile up” and “narrow down” in context.
  • Use “iron out” in a sentence connected to your own situation.
Practice and check your answers →

Match words to pictures →Play What is She/He doing? →

A randomly assigned, fixed male or female synthetic voice for each phrase or sentence · Slow playback at 0.7× preserves pitch.

Phrase 1 / 5Understand context
Khoa looks worriedly at a growing pile of unfinished task cards on his desk.
Khoa looks worriedly at a growing pile of unfinished task cards on his desk.

pile up

Do not let unfinished tasks pile up.

Read the example again

Do not let unfinished tasks pile up.

My messages piled up while I was away.

Read the example again

My messages piled up while I was away.

View meaning & usage

Accumulate in increasing amounts

tasks / messages pile up

Here tasks or messages accumulate because they have not been dealt with; it does not necessarily describe someone physically stacking objects.

Cambridge Dictionary · pile up

Haven't studied yet
Khoa selects two sketches from six on the table and sets the other sketches aside.
Khoa selects two sketches from six on the table and sets the other sketches aside.

narrow down

We narrowed the choices down to two designs.

Read the example again

We narrowed the choices down to two designs.

Try to narrow down the list before the meeting.

Read the example again

Try to narrow down the list before the meeting.

View meaning & usage

Reduce a list of possible choices

narrow down somethingnarrow something down to a number

This emphasises reducing the number of possibilities. Use “to” to state how many choices remain.

Cambridge Dictionary · narrow down

Haven't studied yet
Khoa and a friend compare two conflicting schedules and agree on a final version.
Khoa and a friend compare two conflicting schedules and agree on a final version.

iron out

We need to iron out the final details before the show.

Read the example again

We need to iron out the final details before the show.

A short meeting helped us iron the problems out.

Read the example again

A short meeting helped us iron the problems out.

View meaning & usage

Resolve remaining problems or details

iron out details / problemsiron something out

Figuratively, this means resolving disagreements or difficulties so things go smoothly. Here it does not mean ironing clothes.

Haven't studied yet
Khoa reviews photos of the finished project and reflects beside his notebook.
Khoa reviews photos of the finished project and reflects beside his notebook.

reflect on

After the project, we reflected on what we had learned.

Read the example again

After the project, we reflected on what we had learned.

Take a moment to reflect on your progress.

Read the example again

Take a moment to reflect on your progress.

View meaning & usage

Think carefully about an experience

reflect on something

This means thinking carefully about an experience or past event, rather than reflecting an image in a mirror. Do not separate the phrase.

Haven't studied yet
Khoa draws a sequence of steps and arrows on paper for the next project.
Khoa draws a sequence of steps and arrows on paper for the next project.

map out

We mapped out the steps for our next project.

Read the example again

We mapped out the steps for our next project.

Map your plan out before you start building.

Read the example again

Map your plan out before you start building.

View meaning & usage

Plan the stages of something clearly

map out somethingmap something out

This usually means planning a clear sequence or route of action, rather than necessarily drawing a geographical map. With a pronoun, say “map it out”.

Haven't studied yet

The examples were written for this course. Usage was checked against Matt Errey’s book, pages 97, 90, 67, 106, 86. A2–B1 is the course’s intended level.

OBSERVE · UNDERSTAND · MATCH

Match phrases to pictures

Drag a wire from the dot beside a phrase to the dot beside its matching picture. You can also tap a phrase, then a picture. Drag again to change a pair before checking.

Read the picture descriptions for more context. Similar expressions are accepted when they fit the particular scene.

A conversation in context

Read the conversation and find the expressions you have learned.

  1. Mai

    The unanswered messages are piling up.

    Read the example again

    The unanswered messages are piling up.

  2. Alex

    Let us narrow down the urgent ones first.

    Read the example again

    Let us narrow down the urgent ones first.

  3. Mai

    Then we can map out how to finish the rest.

    Read the example again

    Then we can map out how to finish the rest.

Compare the uses

pile up / narrow down

“Pile up” means accumulate; “narrow down” means reduce the possible choices. When work accumulates, clear criteria help select priorities.

Practice and check your answers

Try answering before revealing the suggested answer. This practice is not scored.

The answers below are models. Other answers can also work if they preserve the facts, meaning and structure requested in the task.

A situation to apply what you have learned

Messages accumulate while a manager is away. She must select urgent ones before planning replies.

  1. Describe the accumulating messages.

    Show the answer and explanation

    The messages are piling up.

    Unanswered messages accumulate, so they are “piling up”, without forming a physical stack.

  2. Replace “the options” with “them”: Narrow the options down.

    Show the answer and explanation

    Narrow them down.

    “Them” replaces the options being reduced and goes between “narrow” and “down”.

  3. Write the next planning step.

    Show the answer and explanation

    Let us map out a reply schedule after selecting the urgent messages.

    Select urgent messages first, then “map out” a reply schedule, preserving the order of selection and planning.

The usage comparisons are checked against the Cambridge Dictionary entries linked beside the compared expressions. The additional conversations and exercises are written for this course.

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