EducationEnglish.COMMUNICATION · A2–B1

English lessons and practice games are intended for people aged 13 and over.

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Linh points to a simple diagram of rain, a dripping umbrella and a puddle to explain the wet floor.

account for

Explain the reason for something

Bảo places a light book on an upside-down sturdy box that serves as a small table.

act as

Serve a particular function

Khoa edited the drawing according to Minh's suggestions.

act on

Follow advice/information

Duy watches a desk lamp flicker; two small time insets show it alternately lit and dark.

act up

Work unreliably or develop problems

Linh finds that the clues in the mystery story don't match each other.

add up

Reasonable / fit together

Linh added up the items on the bill using a calculator to find the total amount.

add up to

Add together to make a total

Nam and Minh introduce a simple game for beginners.

aim at

Target an audience/goal

Linh looked at the clock and it was raining, spending more time on the trip.

allow for

Take into account/anticipate a factor

Linh shows that costs of 3 and 2 amount to a total of 5.

amount to

Add up to a particular total

Bảo spoke again with an impolite attitude and then realized Minh was sad.

answer back

Responding in a disrespectful manner

Hạ’s colourful comic corner appeals to younger children.

appeal to

Be attractive or interesting to someone

Hạ explains that the quiet-reading rule applies to everyone in her group.

apply to

Be relevant or in force for someone

After considering option cards, Linh and two friends reach a decision and place the park card in the middle of the table.

arrive at

Reach a conclusion or decision

Minh asks you about a relative who is not present.

ask after

Ask someone about their situation

Mây asked Minh to help her find a book.

ask for

Offer / ask for something

Phúc shyly offers Vy, a girl his own age, a flower and invites her to walk with him in the school garden. The two children have an innocent crush on each other.

ask out

Invite someone to go on a date

Mây carefully places a family photo in a treasured album, showing the value she places on preserving memories.

attach to

Give something a particular importance or value

An helps a visitor choose a suitable storybook from a low shelf.

attend to

Give someone or something the attention needed

Linh finds that two daily amounts, 4 and 6, average out at 5.

average out

Have a particular average

Bảo listened to his friend's explanation and agreed not to continue to insist on his old opinion.

back down

Give way / give up the tough stance

Duy explained to his friend that he had to withdraw from the activity he had agreed to participate in.

back out

Withdraw from what you have agreed to do

Nam backs out of a trip he had previously agreed to join.

back out of

Withdraw from a commitment already made

Bảo encouraged his friend who was presenting an idea.

back up

Support / take someone's side

Bảo banks on Duy to help assemble the group model.

bank on

Rely on someone or something

Khoa draws a layout based on the leaf photo beside him; the two images have matching shapes.

base on

Base an idea or design on something

Duy adds crossed braces to strengthen a model bridge.

beef up

Strengthen or improve something

Bảo and his classmates begin the club session with a greeting circle before moving to the chess table.

begin with

Have something as the first part

Khoa believes in practicing every day and points to the training schedule with pictures.

believe in

Believe in the value/effectiveness of a thing

Nhi looks at the tag on her backpack to know who the item belongs to.

belong to

Belongs/belongs to someone

Nhi draws a curtain to block out bright sunlight at her reading corner.

block out

Prevent light or sound from entering

Minh observes leaves and small debris obstructing the drain opening, causing water to collect in the basin.

block up

Obstruct an opening or passage

Hạ's hat was blown away by the wind on the grass.

blow away

Blown away by the wind

Phúc blew out the candles on the birthday cake.

blow out

Blow out the fire/candle

A small upset between Khoa and a friend blows over, and they play comfortably again.

blow over

Pass and be forgotten after a while

Phúc used a hand pump to inflate the balloon, with Minh helping him.

blow up

Pump/inflate to inflate

Mây regains her confidence after a disappointing piece of work and stands up with a fresh notebook beside her old work.

bounce back

Recovering / regaining spirit after difficulties

Nam bows out of a contest and wishes the remaining contestant well.

bow out

Withdraw from a role or activity

Phúc is bowled over by a friend’s beautiful handmade paper castle.

bowl over

Greatly surprise and impress someone

Minh branches out from making cards into small wooden toys.

branch out

Expand into a new area

Mây and a friend leave a general craft group and form their own gardening club.

break away

Leave a group to act independently

The car has stopped on a wide shoulder with its hood open; Minh checks the car while Linh calls for help from the outer side of the guardrail.

break down

Broken / stopped working

Phúc interrupted for a moment to announce that the bus had arrived.

break in

Interject into the conversation

Vy had difficulty hearing because the voice on the phone was interrupted.

break up

Sound / signal is intermittent

Bảo found the class more compact and friendly when everyone changed their habits.

bring about

Create/bring about a change

Phúc brings extra snacks to a friend’s party.

bring along

Bring / invite along

Mây looked at the pet album and remembered the fun times.

bring back

Evokes memories/emotions

Linh moves a meeting card from Friday to Wednesday on a calendar, with an arrow towards the earlier day.

bring forward

Move an event to an earlier time

Bảo and Minh introduce the new rule about cleaning the classroom desk.

bring in

Introducing a new rule

Minh brings out a new craft kit and presents the boxed set to a customer.

bring out

Release a new product

Nhi raised her hand to bring up a new topic in the meeting.

bring up

State a topic for discussion

Linh uses a calculator and picture cards to plan the stall’s costs for paper, pens and bags.

budget for

Plan enough money for an expense

Khoa uses skills from the previous drawing to create a new, better drawing.

build on

Develop from the existing foundation

Khoa became more confident after successfully making a few small cards.

build up

Gradually increase/develop

Minh suddenly met his old friend at a market.

bump into

Meeting someone by chance

Khoa interrupts a friend, then realizes the friend has not finished speaking and waits for his turn.

butt in

Interrupt when others are speaking

One customer buys up all three remaining paper boats at Minh’s stall.

buy up

Buy all or a large amount of the available supply

Vy saw the missed call and called her friend back.

call back

Phone someone again, often to return their call

Nam builds a tower of blocks and realizes that the game requires patience.

call for

Demanding / needing something

Vy calls out a friend’s name across the music room.

call out

Call / speak loudly for others to hear

Mây sits down and breathes slowly to calm herself when she feels anxious.

calm down

Become less upset, angry, or excited

Mây offers a glass of water to Minh, who is resting in bed under a blanket.

care for

Caring for people in need

Bảo does each task on the agreed chore list.

carry out

Carry out tasks/plans

Linh understands the rules of the game after a friend demonstrates them.

catch on

Gradually understand how/what it means

Nam runs in the same direction behind two friends on the track, speeding up to catch them.

catch up

Catch up with the person/group ahead

Nhi goes to bed early to catch up on missed sleep. Minh pulls a blanket over her.

catch up on

Make up for the lack of work/sleep

Two long-time friends met again, drinking coffee and looking at new photos on their phones.

catch up with

Talk with someone and exchange recent news

Mây prepares low tables with drawing materials to cater to younger children.

cater to

Meet the needs of a particular group

Khoa switched from crayons to using colored pencils for his drawing.

change over

Switch to another method/tool

Nhi checks how a friend is getting on with an exercise and is ready to help.

check on

Check that someone or something is all right

Hạ returned the room key to the receptionist before leaving the hotel.

check out

Check out procedures

Hạ and Minh looked at a new dinosaur model in the museum.

check out

See/discover interesting stuff

Duy looked carefully at a parcel he had just received to check its condition.

check over

Check everything carefully

Nhi checked each compartment of her backpack to find a small notebook.

check through

Check one at a time to find one thing

Khoa cheers on his friend who is participating in a school game.

cheer on

Cheer/encourage the person who is doing it

A friend gives Mây flowers and comforts her when she feels sad.

cheer up

Cheer up / make someone happier

Nhi relaxing on a chair with a picture book after a busy week.

chill out

Relax/rest comfortably

An chops tomatoes on a cutting board, with small pieces of tomato beside her.

chop up

Cut or chop into small pieces

An used a towel to wipe up the juice she had just spilled on the table.

clean up

Clean up dirt/clutter

Duy took all the things out of the drawer before rearranging them.

clear out

Remove all things from one place

The two friends talked calmly and then shook hands after understanding the problem.

clear up

Clarifying the misunderstanding

Hạ happily watched the rain clouds disappear and the blue sky began to appear outside the window.

clear up

The sky is clear / the weather is improving

Phúc clowns around with a paper hat while two friends laugh.

clown around

Behave in a silly, playful way

Bảo combines a drawing with a short story to make an illustrated story page.

combine with

Join one thing with another

Hạ unexpectedly met an old friend in a bookstore.

come across

Found / found by chance

Hạ and her friend walked out the door to walk together.

come along

Come along / join along

Khoa compares old and new drawings, realizing his skills are improving.

come along

Progressing / gradually getting better

Khoa looked at the paper model being torn apart and broken into parts on the table.

come apart

Separate into parts

Hạ comes by a hard-to-find old book at a second-hand stall.

come by

Manage to obtain something

Khoa explained that learning results mainly come from practice and patience.

come down to

Mainly depends on key factors

Bảo and Minh pointed out their hometown on a graphic map.

come from

Coming from/originating in

Nhi and Minh watched the bus arrive at the stop.

come in

Car / train / flight arrives

Duy looked at the pen cap that had slipped off and held the loose cap in his hand.

come off

Loose / slip from the mounting position

Bảo and Minh watched a school program on TV begin to play.

come on

The program begins to broadcast

A friend stands at the door and waves to Phúc, who is welcoming the visitor.

come over

Visit someone at home

Linh and Minh checked the total cost of two items at the counter.

come to

There is a total amount of money

Hạ and Minh watched the sunrise from the garden.

come up

Rising on the horizon

Bảo raised the topic of the class trip during the group discussion.

come up

A topic is mentioned/appears

Duy encounters a difficult step in a board game and thinks of a way to overcome it.

come up against

Encounter a difficult obstacle/opponent

Bảo came up with a new idea; the group looked at him and smiled.

come up with

Come up with ideas/solutions

Bảo opens a sketchbook set with a pencil supplied in the same packaging tray.

come with

Be supplied together with something

Nhi compares a cloud to a rabbit because of its shape.

compare to

Describe a likeness between one thing and another

Nhi compares one leaf with another to examine their similarities and differences.

compare with

Examine similarities and differences between things

Nhi focuses on a puzzle at a clear desk, looking directly at her worksheet.

concentrate on

Direct your attention to a task

Bảo points to a kit consisting only of pencils and a ruler, laid out as two clear groups.

consist of

Be made up of particular parts

Linh’s clear diagram contributes to the team’s successful model.

contribute to

Help cause a result or make it possible

Minh placed the bowl of hot soup on the table and waited for it to cool down.

cool down

Become less hot, or make food less hot

After running, Nam walked lightly and relaxed to calm his body.

cool down

Cool down / soothe after exercise

Mây takes a rest and breathes slowly as her anger fades. Her face and hands relax; a small inset shows her earlier anger.

cool off

Calm down / calm down

After playing, An looks at an empty cup, with bread and water in a wish bubble.

could do with

Would like or need something

Bảo holds number cards before the group; three small sequential insets show 3, 2, 1 before the game begins.

count down

Count backwards towards a starting point

Phúc raised his hand and wanted to be included in the class game.

count in

Count one person in the participating group

Phúc politely asked not to participate in the game because he had other things to do.

count out

Do not include one person in the participating group

Phúc cracks up at a friend’s funny fox puppet act.

crack up

Suddenly laugh a lot

Duy rushes through many repetitive rough drafts, leaving visibly crooked shapes that need revision.

crank out

Produce a lot quickly with little care

An cranks up the radio volume at the snack corner.

crank up

Increase a volume or level

Khoa crashes out on the sofa after a tiring day.

crash out

Fall asleep quickly because of tiredness

An unexpected tear crops up in the large sheet Bảo needs for his model.

crop up

Appear or arise unexpectedly

Bảo crossed out a misspelled word in his notebook.

cross out

Cross out the written word

Vy gives a startled cry when a puppet suddenly pops up behind a small stage.

cry out

Give a sudden loud cry

Nhi and Minh followed the path across the park to reach their destination faster.

cut across

Go across to shorten the road

Linh chose to buy just one cup of coffee instead of multiple cups to reduce costs.

cut back on

Cut spending/consumption

Vy looks down at the phone screen showing a disconnected-call symbol.

cut off

Causing the call to be disconnected

Minh used a mold to cut star shapes from cake dough.

cut out

Cut a shape out of the material

Bảo stopped his distracting play when Minh gently reminded him.

cut out

Stop an annoying behavior

Linh realises the wet floor comes from the dripping umbrella; two small insets show initial puzzlement followed by understanding.

dawn on

Gradually realise something

Linh used a towel to catch water from the leaking faucet and called a repairman.

deal with

Handling / resolution

Linh and her friend choose an activity from three picture cards for the day out.

decide on

Decide on an option

Hạ and Minh looked at the sky to decide whether they could go on a picnic or not.

depend on

Depends on a condition

Heavy rain deters Bảo from drawing with chalk outside.

deter from

Discourage someone from doing something

Vy devotes a planned block of time to singing practice.

devote to

Give time or effort to something

Hạ watched as the wind outside the window calmed down and the tree branches moved less.

die down

The wind/noise subsides

Nhi views a museum display showing that dodos died out.

die out

Become extinct or disappear completely

Hạ and Minh used a small shovel to dig up the potato.

dig up

Dig something out of the ground

Linh dips into her savings to buy a needed project book.

dip into

Use part of a supply of saved money

An dishes out fruit from a serving bowl into friends’ smaller bowls.

dish out

Serve food in portions

Minh puts damaged paper packaging into the workshop’s paper collection bin.

dispose of

Get rid of unwanted material

Linh divides task cards into three groups and gives one set to each friend.

divide up

Divide something into shares or parts

Duy and Minh removed an unnecessary rule from the modeling plan.

do away with

Completely abandon things that are no longer needed

An helped Minh redecorate the room with new paintings and curtains.

do up

Renovate / beautify the house

Phúc ate bread without adding jam because the jam jar was empty.

do without

Can still do without one thing

Khoa dozes off in an armchair with a comic lowered onto his lap.

doze off

Fall into a light sleep

Linh uses what she knows from the previous puzzle to solve the new puzzle.

draw on

Apply existing knowledge/experience

Khoa imagined that he would become an artist in the future.

dream of

Dream about something in the future

Khoa imagines a leaf-and-flower collage in a thought bubble above his sketch.

dream up

Invent an imaginative idea

Minh has stopped outside the building; Hạ stands on the sidewalk beside the open rear door after getting out.

drop off

Take someone to a place and leave them there

Duy delivered a parcel at the delivery counter.

drop off

Bring items to be delivered at one location

Hạ observed a small puddle of water that had dried after a sunny day.

dry up

Dry / run out of water

An and her friend had dinner at a table in the restaurant.

eat out

Eating out / at a restaurant

Bảo begins a planned puppet-stage project by fitting the first cardboard panels.

embark on

Begin a new project or undertaking

Duy looked at the completed paper castle larger than the original sketch.

end up

Finally fall into/do a thing

Vy and two friends engage in a club singing activity.

engage in

Take part in an activity

Bảo adds a score card so the two teams’ scores change from 2–3 to 3–3.

even up

Make two sides equal or more balanced

Duy admitted that the puzzle was difficult and prepared to do it step by step.

face up to

Accept and face something difficult

Linh factors in travel costing 2 as well as a ticket costing 4, giving 6.

factor in

Include a factor when calculating or planning

Duy looked at the cover model broken into separate parts on the table.

fall apart

Burst / break into many parts

Duy uses a spare set of colored pencils when the markers don't work.

fall back on

Use backup plans when needed

Vy still has a lot of unfinished homework while her friends have finished it.

fall behind

Being behind schedule/falling behind

Nam sees practice attendance fall from six to three during rainy weather.

fall off

Decrease in amount or level

Bảo and his friend were angry at each other because they disagreed about the turn of the game.

fall out

Disagreement/angry with each other after an argument

Phúc’s planned outing falls through because the venue is closed.

fall through

Fail to happen as planned

Mây listens compassionately to Phúc, who feels sad about missing his old class, and gently rests a hand on his shoulder.

feel for

Sympathize with people in difficulty

Minh found a way to solve a puzzle and was delighted.

figure out

Understand / find the solution

Linh uses a pen to fill in the boxes of a form.

fill in

Fill in the information

Phúc finished his bowl and gave it to Phúc who set the table.

finish with

After using it / don't need it anymore

Nam encourages two teammates, changing their mood from discouraged to eager to practise.

fire up

Make someone enthusiastic and motivated

Mây happily participated with her friends in her new class.

fit in

Integrate with the group

Duy joins two model pieces whose connecting edges fit exactly.

fit together

Fit correctly when parts are joined

Interest in Bảo’s game plan gradually fizzles out.

fizzle out

Gradually lose strength or interest and stop

Nhi quickly flicks through a book, with the edges of the pages visibly turning.

flick through

Look quickly through the pages of a book or magazine

Replies flood in after Hạ’s group sends invitations.

flood in

Arrive in large numbers

Nhi focuses on a leaf picture under a magnifying glass while the surrounding pictures are less prominent.

focus on

Give your attention to a particular subject

Nhi brings her revised work to the teacher to follow up on feedback from the previous session.

follow up

Take further action after an earlier step

Linh groups small tasks into one time slot to leave more time available for a group activity on the right-hand schedule.

free up

Make time or resources available

Nhi washes her face in the sink after playing outside to feel more refreshed.

freshen up

Wash/touch up to look more fresh

A sturdy box functions as a display stand for Duy’s model.

function as

Serve a particular role or purpose

Duy adapts the magazine for two younger children using large clear pictures.

gear to

Design to suit a particular audience

Bảo uses a drawing to explain an idea; his listeners nod with understanding.

get across

Communicate an idea successfully

Khoa sees his new work better after a period of steady effort.

get ahead

Progress / achieve better results

The two housemates happily cooperated in preparing a meal.

get along with

Have a friendly relationship with someone

Hạ and Minh rode the bus between attractions in the city.

get around

Travel from one place to another

An finally organized the toy drawer after many times putting it aside for later.

get around to

Finally took the time to do it

Nhi watched the butterfly fly away before she could take a photo and did not chase the butterfly.

get away

Escape / no longer be held

Nam received back the toy car he lent to his friend.

get back

Receive / get your things back

Vy looks at the calendar to find information and then promises to get back to you.

get back to

Contact again for answers

An can still draw a colorful picture even though she only has three colored pencils.

get by

Make ends meet with limited resources

Mây looks sadly at a broken paper model, with lowered shoulders and downcast eyes.

get down

Make someone feel sad or discouraged

Khoa sat at the table and focused on doing his homework after break.

get down to

Start focusing on working seriously

Vy enjoyed discovering a camera to learn photography.

get into

Started liking/caring about

Hạ stepped from the bus onto the sidewalk at the stop.

get off

Leave a bus, train, or plane

Hạ walked up the steps of the stopped bus.

get on

Board a bus, train, or plane

Linh continued to put the puzzle pieces together after pausing to talk.

get on with

Continue / get down to business

Phúc gets along well with his friends while using the drawing table.

get on with

Get along well/have a good relationship with

Nam walked out of the low toy house.

get out

Get out of where you are inside

Minh gets better after a cold, puts the tissue aside.

get over

Recovering from illness or sadness

After several unsuccessful calls, Vy connected the call with her friend.

get through

Can call / contact by phone

Linh completed the puzzle cards one by one in a small pile.

get through

Complete a certain amount of work

An sat up, placing her feet on the floor next to the bed.

get up

Leave your bed to start the day

Nam stood up from the grass after sitting or stumbling slightly.

get up

Stand up after being down

Mây gave a toy in good condition to another child.

give away

Giving / giving without taking money

Linh returned the money she borrowed to her friend.

give back

Return what was received/borrowed

Khoa encountered a difficult puzzle but did not give up.

give in

Give in / give in to pressure

Hạ smelled the fragrance emanating from the flowers in the garden.

give off

Emit smell/light/heat

Bảo distributed each worksheet to his classmates.

give out

Distributed to many people

Duy looked at the empty craft paper tray after making many items.

give out

Supplies are running out / are no longer enough

Mây points out that leaving paper litter on the ground conflicts with the clean-garden rule.

go against

Conflict with a rule or wish

Minh started walking again after his friend signaled his agreement.

go ahead

Proceed / keep going

Bảo agreed to the group's play plan.

go along with

Agree/accept an opinion

Bảo and Minh carried suitcases and left home for a vacation.

go away

Going away from home to rest/go out

Minh turned back to the previous street because the path ahead was closed.

go back

Return to the previous place

Mây is disappointed when a friend who promised to help with the plants goes off to play instead.

go back on

Fail to keep a promise

Linh looks at a discount card with a down arrow at the store.

go down

Price/level decreased

Nam tries with the team towards the school's small cup.

go for

Trying to achieve/achieve a goal

Khoa explains more about the bird's nest with a few picture cards.

go into

Talk/find out details about

Nhi hears the alarm clock ringing next to her bed in the morning.

go off

The bell/alarm starts ringing

Phúc continued telling the story while his friends were listening.

go on

Continue talking/telling

An put on her bag and walked through the door to the street.

go out

Leave your home to do something elsewhere

Hạ and Minh observed that the garden lights were turned off when the appointment time ended.

go out

The light/flame goes out

Linh went through her notes and checked each item with a pencil.

go over

Review/check carefully

Minh was tired from a busy period with many unfinished tasks.

go through

Going through difficult times

Khoa places green and gold paper side by side, pleased with the colour combination.

go together

Match or look good together

Duy did not use glitter as a model because it was not available.

go without

Continue without one thing

Mây and a friend become less close as they spend time on different interests.

grow apart

Become less close over time

Vy held a new shirt that was still loose and imagined that when she was taller she would be able to wear it.

grow into

Bigger to fit loose clothes

Khoa does not like the new card design at first, but it grows on him as he looks at it more.

grow on

Tiger makes anyone like it more

Vy tried on an old shirt whose sleeves were too short.

grow out of

Growing up makes things no longer fit

Mây looks at an album with pictures showing a child gradually growing into an adult.

grow up

Growing up / maturing

Nhi returned the notebook she borrowed to her friend.

hand back

Return it to the previous person

Mây receives an old recipe notebook from her grandmother; a small photo shows an older relative previously giving it to her grandmother.

hand down

Pass something to a younger generation

Linh gave her completed work to Minh.

hand in

Submit papers/documents

Phúc gives a portion of food to each Phúc at the table.

hand out

Distribute portions to everyone

Duy handed over a box to the delivery staff.

hand over

Hand over / give to someone else

Nhi and Minh waited near the living room door before opening the door.

hang around

Stay around a place to wait

Two friends sat on a park bench, drinking water and chatting.

hang out

Spend relaxed time in a place or with other people

Mây has a friend over at home, with a shared activity ready on the table.

have over

Have someone visit your home

Hạ walks back along the footpath towards her familiar home gate after the walk.

head back

Travel back towards an earlier place

Minh took the map and walked towards the station at the end of the street.

head for

Go towards / towards

Hạ puts on her backpack and walks out through the garden gate to begin her walk.

head off

Leave to begin a journey

Vy listens to a friend’s news about a fair; a speech bubble shows the stalls.

hear about

Learn news about something

Minh received a text message from a friend he had not contacted for a long time.

hear from

Received news from someone

An helped her friend set the table by bringing the dishes.

help out

Lend a hand when needed

Minh hides a wrapped gift behind folded fabric in a cupboard.

hide away

Hide something out of sight

Phúc tried to hold back his tears after a small disappointment and was listened to by his friend.

hold back

Suppress/prevent emotional expression

Linh signals a pause before painting a poster because the design is not yet final.

hold off

Delay taking action for a while

Minh stood on the train and held the handrail firmly.

hold on to

Hold / cling tightly

Nam holds out for the blue jersey he wants instead of accepting the red one offered.

hold out for

Refuse less and wait for what you want

Seen from the back seat, Minh sits at the wheel and looks through the front windshield at the stopped traffic ahead.

hold up

Slow down / cause delay

Hạ walked quickly to the bus stop because she was about to be late.

hurry up

Move or complete a task more quickly

Duy compares a new model with a stable base to the older leaning version, pleased with the improvement.

improve on

Produce something better than an earlier version

Linh observes wet footprints and a dripping umbrella, then infers recent rain in a thought bubble showing a rain cloud.

infer from

Draw a conclusion from evidence

Duy uses saved money to buy durable drawing pencils to replace worn short ones.

invest in

Spend money on something expected to be useful

Hạ opens the door from inside and gestures for a friend on the porch to enter.

invite in

Invite someone to come inside

Vy gives a friend an invitation showing her home to invite the friend over.

invite over

Invite someone to your home

The group involves Mây in a gardening project by giving her a shared task.

involve in

Include someone in an activity

Khoa and a friend compare two conflicting schedules and agree on a final version.

iron out

Resolve remaining problems or details

Duy adds colourful paper and decorative shapes to a plain paper model.

jazz up

Make something more lively or attractive

Bảo came with his friends to make a poster.

join in

Participate in ongoing activities

Nhi quickly notes a reminder in a small notebook after her teacher’s feedback.

jot down

Write a short note quickly

Phúc jumbles up pieces from two different puzzle sets.

jumble up

Mix things into a confused order

Linh eagerly accepts an invitation to an art workshop, immediately nodding to her teacher.

jump at

Accept a welcome opportunity eagerly

Nam excitedly joined a group of friends playing a simple game.

jump in

Join now / contribute to the activity

A branch juts out from a hedge beside the path; Nhi notices it from a safe distance.

jut out

Project beyond a surface or an edge

Khoa persevered in making the craft through many tries.

keep at

​​Persevere and continue working

Minh kept his distance from the fenced construction site area.

keep away from

Keep your distance/stay away

An reuses stored decorations instead of buying new ones to keep costs low.

keep down

Keep something at a low level

Nhi puts the toy box away from her desk to prevent it distracting her, then returns to her work.

keep from

Prevent someone or something from doing something

Hạ walking on the small path next to the protected lawn.

keep off

Do not step/walk onto a surface

Vy continued practicing the piano after a short break.

keep on

Continue working continuously

Mây uses a small fence to keep the dog from entering the flower bed.

keep out

Keep it from entering

Nhi follows a study schedule with reading, writing and rest blocks marked in order.

keep to

Follow a schedule or stay within a limit

Khoa maintains good drawing practice habits over many sessions.

keep up

Maintain good quality/performance levels

Duy typed the code into the keyboard and looked at the information panel on the screen.

key in

Enter data using the keyboard

Khoa kicks back in a chair and listens to music after putting his things away.

kick back

Relax and take it easy

Vy and her friends opened the schoolyard activity.

kick off

Start an event/activity

Phúc kids around about his pencil being a rocket; a thought bubble shows the joke.

kid around

Joke or behave playfully

Minh kneels on one knee on a floor pad to look into an open low cupboard.

kneel down

Lower yourself onto one or both knees

Minh finishes work and leaves his tidy workbench at five o’clock.

knock off

Finish work for the day

Nhi knows of a bird expert through a book and shows a friend the author’s picture.

know of

Be aware that someone or something exists

Nhi’s club is known as the Green Team, shown by its name and leaf emblem.

known as

Be called a particular name

Nhi’s club is known for its garden, which visitors admire.

known for

Be recognised for a quality or achievement

Linh puts distractions aside and gets down to serious writing at a clear desk.

knuckle down

Start working seriously

Hạ latches onto the idea of using drawings in her notes.

latch onto

Quickly adopt and follow an idea

Mây looks at a small smudge on a card and laughs gently, no longer overly concerned.

laugh off

Treat a minor problem lightly by laughing

Vy launches into an enthusiastic story about a forest trip.

launch into

Begin speaking or doing something energetically

Bảo and Minh put the new rule cards on the board.

lay down

Set/prescribe principles

Duy displays pieces of old cardboard orderly on the table to make models.

lay out

Presented for ease of viewing/use

Phúc lazes around on a soft rug with a closed comic book beside him.

laze around

Relax without doing much

Vy leads off the discussion with a picture of a tree.

lead off

Begin an activity or discussion

Khoa sees that regular drawing practice leads to a better finished picture of a bird.

lead to

Leads to/produces results

Bảo reviews a three-day sequence of stage building, rehearsal and the final show.

lead up to

Happen during the period before an event

Mây shares her worries with a friend beside her, who listens carefully and offers support.

lean on

Rely on someone for emotional support

Phúc went out the door but left his phone on the chair.

leave behind

To forget / leave behind

Linh keeps the flower paragraph in both the draft and final version of her story.

leave in

Keep something in an edited version

Nhi scanned the invitation list and left a position blank that was not included.

leave out

Omitted / not included

Bảo handed over the card game to his friend and prepared other things.

leave to

Assign a task to someone to take care of

Minh points to unused paper remaining beside the finished cards.

left over

Remaining after use

Mây apologized to her friend for forgetting to bring the promised item.

let down

Disappointing others

Phúc quietly tells a friend about a surprise birthday present, with a gift box in a thought bubble.

let in on

Share a secret or private information with someone

An opens the door for a cat to enter a safely enclosed yard, with an adult nearby.

let out

Allow someone or an animal to go out

Hạ watched from inside the house as the heavy rain reduced to a few drops.

let up

Rain/pressure is less strong

Mây lies down on the sofa with a pillow because she feels tired.

lie down

Move your body into a flat position to rest

Minh uses both hands to lift a light basket off the table so he can clean underneath.

lift up

Raise an object to a higher position

Hạ looks at the string of small lights that light up the corner of the garden when it's dark.

light up

Illuminate/brighten a place

Mây relaxes her shoulders, smiles and continues making the card after worrying too much.

lighten up

Become less tense or serious

Vy notices another child listening secretly from behind a shelf while she talks privately with a friend.

listen in

Listen to a conversation without being invited

Nhi learns about a seed-eating bird that lives on seeds.

live on

Have a particular food as a main source of nourishment

Nam’s team lives up to expectations by passing the ball as planned.

live up to

Meet expectations or justify a reputation

Phúc plays music and adds games to make the party more fun.

liven up

Make activities more fun/exciting

Duy and Minh put the medal in a locked commemorative box.

lock away

Store in a locked place

Minh locked the door before leaving.

lock up

Lock the door / lock it for safety

Mây holds a photo of her grandmother and looks towards the window, longing to see her while they are apart.

long for

Strongly wish for someone or something absent

Mây takes care of the baby and holds the baby's hand while playing.

look after

Look after / care for

Hạ looking at shops and buildings in a new neighborhood.

look around

Observe/explore the surroundings

Nhi stared intently at the picture of a whale on a page of a book.

look at

Look at a person/thing

Nhi looks at old photos and remembers her first day of school.

look back

Remember / think back about the past

Mây welcomed new friends into the group and did not criticize them for their old clothes.

look down on

Looking down on/seeing others as inferior

Bảo eagerly thought about the upcoming trip to the beach.

look forward to

Looking forward with excitement

Mây briefly looks in on a sleeping younger cousin.

look in on

Visit briefly to check that someone or something is all right

Linh checks the room map to find out why the toy is missing.

look into

Investigate/investigate a problem

Phúc stood watching his friends play ring toss, but did not participate in this round.

look on

Watching without participating

Hạ stands beside Minh and calls out a warning as a bicycle approaches.

look out

Beware of immediate danger

Mây looks for books about animals in the book exchange area.

look out for

Pay attention to finding opportunities / things you need

Nhi checks returned toy before using.

look over

See status/content check

Nhi flipping through pages in a book at the library.

look through

Look through multiple pages/sections

Mây looks up to Minh as he patiently helps the children in class.

look up to

Admiration/respect

Hạ mails out a batch of stamped invitations at the post office.

mail out

Send a batch of items by post

Duy turned an old cardboard box into a small toy house.

make into

Turn existing materials/things into something else

Bảo shares his thoughts about a family photo with Minh.

make of

How to think/understand something

Vy listened attentively to an unpleasant song from the music player.

make out

Recognize / hear clearly what is difficult to distinguish

Phúc came up with a story with dragons and castles.

make up

Create / come up with fantasy

Bảo and his friend shook hands and happily reconciled after talking.

make up

Make peace after an argument

Duy did an extra job to make up for the task he forgot earlier.

make up for

Compensate for an omission/missed thing

Khoa draws a sequence of steps and arrows on paper for the next project.

map out

Plan the stages of something clearly

Linh replaces a price tag showing 10 with one showing 7 on an item at the stall.

mark down

Reduce the marked selling price

Minh marks a craft item’s price up from 10 to 12.

mark up

Increase a selling price

Minh checks that a wooden box measures up to the required standard.

measure up

Meet a required standard

Vy meets her waiting friend by a park bench; they recognise each other and wave.

meet up

Meet someone as arranged

Nhi plays with a small toy while her unfinished exercise lies on the desk.

mess around

Spend time playing instead of doing the task

An realized she had mistakenly labeled the picture on two boxes and corrected it.

mess up

Do wrong / ruin things

Khoa arrives after the craft session has ended and feels disappointed about missing the opportunity.

miss out

Missed opportunities / interesting things

Hạ mistakes a toy bird for a live bird, then notices its toy base.

mistake for

Wrongly identify one thing as another

Bảo confused two photo albums and realized the cover symbols were different.

mix up

Mistaking one thing for another

An and Minh carried the box of things into the new house.

move in

Move in and start living

After resting at one stop, Minh continued to the next stop.

move on

Move on to the next task / stage

An and her family carried the last box out of the old house.

move out

Move away from where you live

Phúc moves aside on the chair so you can sit.

move over

Move aside to make room

Phúc muddles through an unfamiliar paper-folding task and finishes a rough little boat.

muddle through

Manage despite confusion or limited skill

Hạ and a friend confirm the 12th for the exhibition after considering the 12th and 19th.

nail down

Make a detail definite

Mây and her grandmother look at two family photos from different generations with matching short name tags, showing a shared family name.

name after

Give a name in honour of someone or something

Khoa selects two sketches from six on the table and sets the other sketches aside.

narrow down

Reduce a list of possible choices

Nhi fell asleep on the chair, her head tilted down while holding a picture book.

nod off

Fall asleep / doze off

Nam notches up another win for the team, adding a new victory mark.

notch up

Achieve another success or score

Nhi writes a few short notes in a notebook beside an open book.

note down

Record information in writing so you can remember it

Linh objects to throwing away usable paper and points to a reuse tray.

object to

Express opposition to something

Linh thinks of using a tray to catch water from the umbrella, shown in a thought bubble.

occur to

Come into someone’s mind

Mây talked to her friend and shared her feelings of anxiety about the new class.

open up

Openly share what's in your heart

Linh selects a watercolour set from three different art kits and places it in her tray.

opt for

Choose one of the available options

Khoa actively chooses not to play noisy games and chooses to be quieter.

opt out

Choose not to participate in an activity

An waits at the table while Minh receives the ordered food bag from a courier at the door.

order in

Order food for delivery

Nhi raises her hand to admit spilling the pencil box in front of her teacher, looking honest.

own up

Admit responsibility for a mistake

An packs game cards into their box and stores the box on a low shelf.

pack away

Pack and store things after use

Bảo and Minh packed clothes and toys into a bag.

pack up

Pack / arrange things to take away

Phúc’s puppet-stage plan pans out well, with the finished stage matching his original sketch.

pan out

Develop or turn out in a particular way

Mây passes a card from one friend to another in the group.

pass on

Forward items/information to others

Linh politely declines an extra activity because her current schedule is already full.

pass up

Choose not to take an opportunity

Mây and a friend patch up their friendship after a misunderstanding.

patch up

Repair a relationship or settle a disagreement

Vy gave the money back to the friend who lent it to her to buy things.

pay back

Return borrowed money

Linh and an adult pay the money raised into the fund’s account at a bank counter.

pay into

Pay money into an account or fund

Linh was happy when she solved the game after much practice.

pay off

Brings good results after effort

Minh pays out a craft competition prize in an envelope.

pay out

Pay a sum of money to someone

A customer finally pays up an outstanding bill at Minh’s stall.

pay up

Pay money that is owed, often after a delay

Mây brightens and sits more upright when a friend arrives to play with the repaired model.

perk up

Become more cheerful or lively

Nam phases in a new warm-up routine, one session first, then two, then three.

phase in

Introduce something gradually in stages

Minh phases out plastic bags in three stages as paper bags replace them.

phase out

Remove something gradually in stages

Phúc looks upset as a child points at his drawing and mocks it; a teacher approaches to intervene.

pick on

Repeatedly target someone unfairly

Phúc chose an apple from a basket with many fruits.

pick out

Choose from many things

Minh, an adult, stops at the curb and waves to Hạ from the driver’s seat to pick her up.

pick up

Go to collect someone, often by car

Vy picks up on a friend’s hesitation and gently offers help.

pick up on

Notice a sign or a subtle meaning

Duy examines before-and-after photos of a fallen model and water on the table to work out what happened.

piece together

Combine clues to understand what happened

Khoa looks worriedly at a growing pile of unfinished task cards on his desk.

pile up

Accumulate in increasing amounts

An gently asks two chatting children to quieten down as story time starts.

pipe down

Become quieter or stop talking

Duy and two friends all help clear the table and repair the fallen model.

pitch in

Join in and help with a task

Linh prepares an activity calendar and a box of materials for next week before the group starts.

plan ahead

Make plans in advance

Duy experiments with colours and arrangements on three paper cover drafts.

play around

Experiment with different possibilities

Duy plugs a low-voltage charger connector into his laptop. Minh handles the wall socket farther away.

plug in

Plug in / connect using the plug

Bảo showed the group a location on the map.

point out

Point out/bring attention to others

Bảo examines a chart with many walking votes; the results suggest walking is the popular choice.

point to

Suggest or indicate a result

An eats the final small piece of cake from a plate, with crumbs showing the cake is nearly finished.

polish off

Finish eating the remaining food

Vy polishes up a familiar song by practising it again.

polish up

Refresh and improve a skill

Nhi and Minh stopped by a neighbor's house to say hello for a moment.

pop in

Come visit / meet for a while

Hạ leaves her things on an indoor chair and steps outside briefly to collect her hat from a porch hook.

pop out

Go out briefly and return

Visitors pour in for Hạ’s club event through a wide entrance.

pour in

Arrive continuously in large numbers

Duy props up a sagging cardboard roof with a diagonal wooden support.

prop up

Support something so it stays upright

Mây and Minh provide for a newly adopted cat with food, water and a bed.

provide for

Supply what someone needs to live

Linh was happy when she solved a difficult puzzle after many tries.

pull off

Doing a difficult job successfully

Minh is recovering at the hospital and is visited by relatives.

pull through

Overcoming a critical condition

Hạ pulled up a small plant in the garden.

pull up

Pull the tree out of the ground

Linh puts her idea across using a simple reuse diagram.

put across

Communicate an idea clearly

Duy kept some good cardboard in the box for next time.

put aside

Save / keep aside for later use

An puts clean dishes in a cabinet with neat stacks of dishes.

put away

Put something back where it belongs

Minh put the book back in its original position on the shelf.

put back

Put it back in place

Khoa told Minh that the small mistake was due to his nervousness.

put down to

Assume that something is caused by something

Nhi practises a drawing through several stages; drafts and a marked calendar show sustained effort.

put in

Devote time or effort to a task

It's raining; Hạ moved her picnic plans to a sunny day.

put off

Postponed to another time

An puts on a green jacket before going out.

put on

Dress yourself in an item of clothing

Vy and her friends performed a short play on the classroom stage.

put on

Organize / present a show

Vy uses a toy desk phone in a pretend reception area to transfer a call to a classmate. Minh guides her.

put through

Connect the call to another person

Minh assembled wooden panels into a shelf.

put together

Join/assemble the parts

The children put together their own ideas into a plan on paper.

put together

Synthesize the parts into a plan

Hạ was uncomfortable because of the heat and was helped by Minh to rest under the shade of a tree with some water to drink.

put up with

Endure unpleasant things

Phúc lined up with his friends at an activity booth at school.

queue up

Wait in line for your turn

Minh’s busy stall is raking in money, with many sold items and a well-filled takings box.

rake in

Earn or receive a lot of money

Mây and two friends rally round a classmate who must rest at home.

rally round

Come together to support someone in difficulty

Phúc reached out to shake hands with a friend.

reach out

Extend/stretch out your hand

Bảo held the paper and read it in front of his friends.

read out

Read aloud to others

Nhi reads several illustrated books about plants and butterflies to learn more about the same topic.

read up on

Learn about a topic by reading

Khoa reviews photos of the finished project and reflects beside his notebook.

reflect on

Think carefully about an experience

An asked Minh to help her safely get the box from the high shelf.

rely on

Rely on/trust helpers

Mây looks at a shell in her hand and remembers a beach visit with her grandmother in a memory bubble.

remind of

Make someone think of a person or experience

Bảo reuses scrap paper to make a set of handmade cards, showing a clear result.

result in

Leads to/produces results

Nam returns to passing practice after a break.

return to

Go back to an earlier place or activity

Phúc reverts to a familiar block-building method after a new approach fails.

revert to

Return to an earlier method or state

Minh rolls out a new colour-label system across the workshop.

roll out

Introduce a product or system for use

Khoa rolls a poster into a tube.

roll up

Wind a flexible material into a round or tube shape

Hạ checks a list and removes duplicate entries.

root out

Find and remove something undesirable

Mây ropes a friend in to help decorate the classroom.

rope in

Persuade someone to help or take part

Mây’s enthusiasm for gardening rubs off on two friends, who join in eagerly.

rub off

Pass a quality or attitude to others

Linh crossed out an impossible option in the puzzle.

rule out

Eliminate a possibility

Nhi accidentally found an old toy in a drawer.

run across

Found / found by chance

Bảo rehearses a draft talk with his teacher and receives feedback before the presentation.

run by

Show an idea to someone for feedback

Minh had a problem when his bicycle tire went flat.

run into

Encountered an obstacle

Duy points to three batteries in the open compartment on the toy car’s underside; the battery cover rests on the table.

run on

Operates thanks to an energy source

Vy looked at the empty milk carton on the table and prepared to buy more.

run out of

Running out / using up something

Vy and her group rehearsed the entire play before performing.

run through

Practice/watch the whole thing again

Bảo chooses a large backdrop before checking the room size, then discovers it will not fit.

rush into

Act or decide without enough thought

Minh waved his hand to see off his friend carrying a suitcase at the airport.

see off

Send someone off on their way

An walks with a guest from the reading corner to the doorway and says goodbye.

see out

Accompany a guest to the exit

Duy continued the craft through difficult steps until it was completed.

see through

Follow a task until it is completed

An took on the job of preparing cups for the family dinner table.

see to

Take care of / make sure things get done

Hạ deliberately seeks out a librarian for help finding a bird book.

seek out

Make an effort to find someone or something

Linh sells the stall’s remaining cards to a friend; the display tray is nearly empty.

sell off

Sell unwanted or remaining items

Mây sends for Minh to help assemble a small stool.

send for

Ask for someone or something to be brought or to come

Vy puts several prepared invitation envelopes into the outgoing mail tray.

send out

Send something to several recipients

After the household jobs, Minh orders food by phone; a small later inset shows a courier bringing food boxes to the door.

send out for

Ask for food to be brought to you

Minh marked a session in his calendar to fix his working angle.

set aside

Dedicate time/resources

Linh presents the steps in the plan to her friends using a picture poster.

set out

Clearly present ideas/steps

Khoa sat still and calmed down on the carpet in the classroom.

settle down

Stabilized/less agitated

Duy agreed to make simpler models when the best materials were not available.

settle for

Accept an option that is less than desired

Bảo now works comfortably with two friends in his new class; a small earlier inset shows him looking shy.

settle in

Become comfortable in a new place

Khoa finally chose the art club after comparing three picture cards.

settle on

Finally choose after consideration

Linh settles up with a friend after they bought supplies together.

settle up

Pay the full amount owed

Linh looked at the same type of shoes in two stores before choosing to buy.

shop around

Compare prices in many places

Phúc excitedly showed his friends the toy he had just made.

show off

Show off / show off for others to see

Minh turns the valve on an outdoor water-supply pipe to stop the water before checking the basin.

shut off

Stop a supply of water, power or gas

An closes the curtains to keep bright sunlight out of her reading corner.

shut out

Keep outside light or noise from entering

Vy writes a closing at the end of a letter and puts down her pen with a cheerful expression.

sign off

End a message with a closing

Linh writes her name on a registration form at the writing-club desk.

sign up

Register to take part

Phúc sings with his friends to the music at the party.

sing along

Join in singing with other people or recorded music

Linh listens to her teacher explain a rule, changing from puzzlement in a small inset to clear understanding in the main scene.

sink in

Become fully understood

Vy initially watches a friend clear the stage, then gets up to help instead of remaining inactive.

sit back

Remain inactive instead of helping

Nam sat down on the bench after practicing.

sit down

Move into a sitting position

Linh sits in for an absent club leader and guides the meeting.

sit in for

Temporarily take someone’s place

Linh sits in on a club meeting as an observer.

sit in on

Attend as an observer

Nam stays through a long team talk until it finishes, despite looking bored.

sit out

Stay until an unpleasant event ends

An sits upright on a chair and reads a book at a low table.

sit up

Sit in a more upright position

Hạ sizes up a backpack beside the supplies she needs to carry.

size up

Examine someone or something to form a judgement

Nhi was still sleeping when it was dawn on her day off, when Minh gently opened the door.

sleep in

Sleep comes later than usual

Nhi notices an arithmetic slip in her exercise; the 6 is crossed out and corrected to 5, with five counters to check the answer.

slip up

Make an accidental mistake

Hạ slowed down so her friend could keep up.

slow down

Slow down / reduce speed

Nam snaps up a sports bag offered at a good price.

snap up

Quickly take a good bargain or opportunity

Minh sorted screws and tools into small boxes.

sort out

Classify / arrange orderly

Phúc presents the group’s views to the teacher while his group stands beside him and nods.

speak for

Express someone else’s views

Bảo raised his hand and boldly stated his opinion.

speak out

Express your opinion/what needs to be said

Nam accelerates from left to right along an empty running lane.

speed up

Move or happen faster

Bảo points to three illustrated steps in order as he explains a game to a friend.

spell out

Explain something fully and clearly

Bảo and five classmates divide into two separate groups of three.

split up

Divide a group into smaller groups

Hạ spread a cloth on the grass to place her toys.

spread out

Spread out on a surface

Duy adds fresh paint and a small flag to spruce up his model.

spruce up

Make something look neater and more attractive

Vy waiting on the side of the stage, holding props ready to give to you.

stand by

Be ready and waiting to help/take action

Nhi points to a card showing the letters TV beside a picture of a television, showing what the abbreviation stands for.

stand for

Is an abbreviation/representation for

Nam stands in for an absent goalkeeper during practice.

stand in

Temporarily take someone’s role

Vy wearing a yellow hat stands out among her friends with green hats.

stand out

Stand out / be easily recognized

Nam stood up from a chair to begin the activity.

stand up

Move from sitting to an upright position on your feet

Bảo politely explained to protect his misunderstood classmate.

stand up for

Speak up to protect someone

Phúc calmly raises a stop hand when a child tries to grab another child’s belongings, with a teacher nearby.

stand up to

Resist someone who is treating you unfairly

Vy starts off the rehearsal with a short song.

start off

Begin an activity in a particular way

Nam remembers when the group made the game with just the two of them and a few paper cards.

start out

Start from an initial role/status

Bảo and his teacher establish a chess club, setting out a chessboard and welcoming students to its first session.

start up

Establish a new organisation or activity

Nhi stops outside a barrier and keeps her distance from a storm-damaged tree.

stay away

Keep away from a person or place

Nhi stayed at her grandmother's house for a while because the visit was fun.

stay on

Stayed longer than expected

Bảo read a story with Minh for a while before going to bed.

stay up

Awake, not yet asleep

Nam steps down as captain and hands the armband to a teammate.

step down

Leave a leadership position

Nam calmly intervenes between two teammates arguing over a ball.

step in

Intervene to help resolve a situation

Nam increased his efforts to practice soccer by practicing more attentively.

step up

Increase level/effort

Linh keeps practising handwriting after several uneven attempts.

stick at

Keep working at something difficult

Phúc stays beside a friend upset about a broken model and helps gather the pieces.

stick by

Remain loyal and supportive

Duy looked at the piece of cardboard sticking out from the side of the paper model.

stick out

Protruding / protruding from the surface

Linh follows the agreed items on the picture planning board.

stick to

Follow / don't deviate from the plan

Khoa continued to make the chosen paper boat even though he encountered a difficult step.

stick with

Continue with the given selection

Linh adds paper and supplies to storage boxes before the stall opens.

stock up

Buy or gather supplies for later

Hạ stops at a neighbour’s gate with a small item to say hello during her walk.

stop by

Visit a place briefly on the way

Bảo's family stopped by a small restaurant to rest for a while on the journey.

stop off

Stop for a moment on the way

Hạ and her suitcase explore an intermediate city during the trip.

stop over

Stop for a while on the way

Minh and a customer compare the order with the cards and resolve a flower-versus-star mix-up.

straighten out

Resolve a misunderstanding

Nhi reduces a page of information to a small card with three main points, shown as short lines beside the original page.

sum up

Summarise the main points

Vy pressed the button to turn off the music player after finishing listening.

switch off

Turn off the device using the switch

Vy presses the button to turn on the music player on the table.

switch on

Turn on the device using the switch

Vy’s voice tails off, shown by three sound-wave groups decreasing towards silence.

tail off

Become gradually quieter or weaker and stop

Bảo stands beside his father Minh. Their hair and brown eyes look alike, with a family photograph behind them.

take after

Like a family member

Minh disassembles a chair into separate parts.

take apart

Disassemble into parts

Minh took the dirty plates off the dining table.

take away

Take it out of your current place

Bảo apologized to his friend and retracted the bad comment he just said.

take back

Retract what you said

An and Minh removed the paper decorations from the low wall.

take down

Take down the hanging object

Bảo listened attentively to Minh's explanation and gradually understood the lesson.

take in

Understand/absorb information

An took off her coat after returning to the warm room.

take off

Remove an item of clothing from your body

A plane is leaving the runway and flying into the sky.

take off

Leave the ground and begin flying

Nam played a friendly match with another team at school.

take on

Compete/confront an opponent

Bảo receives the class project folder from a friend and takes over the task.

take over

Take over work/responsibilities

Vy started learning to draw, holding a brush in front of a painting shelf.

take up

Start a new hobby/activity

Linh looked at the large jigsaw puzzle that took up most of the table.

take up

Taking up space / taking up time

Khoa was explained by his friend and agreed to try the art club.

talk into

Convince someone to agree to do something

Bảo listened to his friend's explanation and agreed not to climb the high fence.

talk out of

Persuading someone not to do something

Nhi explains each step of assembling an object to you.

talk through

Step-by-step explanation/instructions

Khoa tore colored paper into small pieces to make pictures.

tear up

Tear into small pieces

Bảo recognized two different puppies because one had white feet.

tell apart

Distinguish between two similar things/people

Hạ asks a friend’s opinion of a new cover, and the friend responds positively.

think of

Have an opinion about

Hạ ponders between two options for a weekend getaway: the beach and the mountains.

think over

Consider carefully

Phúc came up with an idea for a new character for the story.

think up

Come up with a new idea

An put a crumpled piece of paper in the trash.

throw away

Get rid of an unwanted item as rubbish

An throws in a free biscuit with a snack box for a friend.

throw in

Include an extra item at no additional cost

Vy softens a story illustration by changing a fierce sharp-toothed monster into a gentle one.

tone down

Make something less intense

Minh pours more water from a jug into An’s partly filled cup.

top up

Add more to fill something up

Bảo and two friends exchange puppet-stage, drawing-corner and plant-corner ideas without a final choice.

toss around

Discuss possible ideas informally

Bảo briefly mentions a tree picture on the board before moving to the main poster.

touch on

Mention a topic briefly

Bảo casually considers a puppet-show idea in a question-mark thought bubble without starting work.

toy with

Consider an idea without a firm intention

After searching two shelves, Hạ finds the missing green notebook in the art-room basket.

track down

Find after a determined search

Khoa tried a new way of drawing on paper.

try out

Try it to see if it fits/works

Vy tunes a radio to a storytelling programme, represented by a book in a sound bubble.

tune in

Listen to or watch a broadcast

Hạ observes the stages of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly in a corner of the garden.

turn into

Transform into something else

An pressed the light switch when leaving the kitchen.

turn off

Switch off a device or light

An pressed the switch; the desk lamp turned on.

turn on

Turn on the device/light

Bảo was happy because the class program was better than the group thought.

turn out

How it turned out/had the result

Khoa turned the paper over to see the other side.

turn over

Flip to the other side

Bảo asked Minh for help when he encountered a difficult step.

turn to

Who to turn to for help

Vy turns the volume knob to make the music a little louder.

turn up

Increase volume/activity level

An sets a glass of water on the table for a seated reading guest.

wait on

Serve guests food or drinks

Khoa waits up for his older sister, who arrives while he is still awake late in the evening.

wait up

Stay awake waiting for someone

The alarm rings. An opens her eyes while still lying in bed.

wake up

Become awake after sleeping

Nam ran lightly to warm up before practicing.

warm up

Warm up before an activity

Nhi watches rain wash away a chalk drawing on the path from a dry porch.

wash away

Remove or carry something away with water

An has put her bread down on the plate and takes a sip of water after eating.

wash down

Have a drink with or after food

Nhi shelters beside a closed picnic basket while heavy rain cancels the planned picnic.

wash out

Cause an outdoor event to be cancelled by rain

An uses a sponge to wash dishes at the sink; Clean plates are stacked on shelves.

wash up

Wash the dishes (British English)

Minh paid attention to the car at a crossroads.

watch out for

Pay attention / be wary of

An waters down strong fruit juice by adding plain water.

water down

Dilute a liquid by adding water

Nam became less excited after trying the sport and became more relaxed.

wear off

Feeling/effects gradually decrease

Vy observed a pair of old shoes whose soles were worn out after many times of wearing.

wear out

Making things wear out/broken due to heavy use

Vy weighs in with her own opinion after listening to the plan.

weigh in

Join a discussion with an opinion

Linh considers two picnic options with pictogram cards for distance and weather before deciding.

weigh up

Consider the advantages and disadvantages

An whips up a fruit-yogurt snack from prepared ingredients.

whip up

Prepare something quickly

The friend reliably returns to help with the plants over three sessions, gradually winning back Mây’s trust.

win back

Regain something through effort

Phúc explains happily so that you are not sure if you agree to support the class activity.

win over

Persuade someone to turn their support

Vy and her friends gradually wind down the rehearsal.

wind down

Reduce activity gradually towards an end

Khoa and the group ended the discussion with a cheerful greeting.

wind up

End an ongoing activity

Two friends use a calculator and coins to calculate the cost of the trip.

work out

Calculate / find the solution

Duy used colored paper to wrap a birthday gift.

wrap up

Wrap with paper/wrapping material

Phúc and his friends cleaned up and ended the class party.

wrap up

End / complete an activity

Linh writes the full instruction “Fold the paper in half.” on a sheet.

write out

Write something in full

Phúc writes a complete story from picture notes.

write up

Write a full version

Hạ zeros in on a small feather among dry leaves.

zero in on

Focus closely on a particular target

Vy zips up a jacket with clear zippers.

zip up

Pull the zipper to close

Khoa holds the camera below eye level and looks at its rear screen showing a close-up of the flower ahead.

zoom in

Zoom in for a closer view

Khoa looks at the camera’s rear screen showing a wide view of the flower pots and garden bench.

zoom out

Zoom out for a wider view

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